Field work

The Tawaki Project transponder gate is back in business! After being down for almost a year due to hardware issues, we managed to get the gate back out this weekend, just in time to identify any of the tawaki that are about to finish their annual moult in Harrison Cove.

There are still a good number of birds in the colony, although literally heaps of feathers everywhere indicate that many birds have already finished the job and are out and about. Identifying the penguins with our wand readers is nigh on impossible because the birds are way back in their rock shelters.

But that’s what we got the transponder gate for. Any marked penguin that walks under it gets identified, and its walking direction determined (via light barriers). In the medium to long term, this data will help us to determine how many of bird return to breed each year and allow us to determine critical parameters to monitor the Harrison Cove’s tawaki population trajectory.

Finding new tawaki colonies often borders on a miracle. Doubtful Sound with all its side-arms and connecting fjords features some 400 km of coastline. Most of it is covered in lush green rainforest that has hypnotic properties if you stare at this green wall for a while through binoculars in the hope of spotting a tawaki landing site.

Somewhere halfway up Doubtful Sound, we found a new, uncharted tawaki colony. While sea kayaking the fjord in late August, Sam Goodall Outdoor Multisport spotted tawaki on a seemingly random rock and snapped a photo which he later relayed to us via Instagram. Armed with a description on where to find this spot, we cruised up and down about 800 m stretch of shoreline in an effort to find Sam’s spot. We were about to give up when we noticed a horizontal tree trunk just above the water line, which matched Sam’s photo.

Covered in lush green forest an old rockfall just behind that tree offered potentially good breeding habitat.

We explored the site, squeezed into narrow caves and – of course – there they were. Tawaki dads guarding their chicks.

The small colony of 5-10 breeding pairs has been mapped as “Sam’s Spot”.

When the Tutuko headed towards the Shelter Islands after our 1-hour survey, we looked back towards the green wall behind which Sam’s Spot is hidden. We asked ourselves how many of these tiny pockets of forest harbouring tawaki colonies there are in Doubtful Sound – and the other fjords. It could be many.

We made it to Doubtful Sound/Patea with the help of the fantastic people of Fiordland Expeditions (fiordlandexpeditions.co.nz) to test the waters for the next phase of the Tawaki Project. From next year onward we want to have a look how the penguins use the second longest fjord (40 km!) when foraging. Do they head out to the sea or do they stay in the fjord like their counterparts in Milford Sound/Piopiotahi?

In the late afternoon the Tutoko dropped us off on one of the Shelter Islands which sit exposed right at the entrance if the fjord. Landing there is a bit of a nightmare but once we were in the forest, tawaki land greeted us with a penguin version of Hobbiton. Most penguins breed in ‘holes in the ground’ under a canopy of intricate tree root tangles. And quite a few of them were sitting on young chicks.

The Tawaki Project 2018 is underway!

This time we kicked off fieldwork in Milford Sound. The fjord presented itself in all its mystical glory with mist clinging to its almost vertical mountain flanks.

We came armed with four GPS dive loggers to put on female penguins. And as if a cruise through Milford Sound to reach your field site wasn’t enough, we were greeted by a pair of Whio or blue ducks, a rare but in this case encouraging sight. It’s a good indicator that stoats may be only a minor problem along the Harrison Rive. Good news for the penguins, for sure.

The Harrison Cove bush greeted us with a surplus of green and moisture. The penguins were, for the most part, where we expected them to be, doing what we thought they were doing – incubating in their rock-sheltered nests.

On all of the nests, male penguins were sitting on their progeny. This ranged from a couple of eggs all the way to a fairly chunky chicks that are a week or older. Around half of the birds were still on eggs, which ruled them out for our GPS logger deployment plans.

A few females returned to their nests in the afternoon. Rather than overly disturbing them when they should feed their chicks, we decided to come back after dark when the families have settled down.

And we managed to get two devices out… and get the first GLS loggers we deployed last season off two lucky females.
The next day we continued our nest checks. We deployed time-lapse cameras on our logger nests and tried to get accurate GPS positons of our nests (we failed on that front, the forest is simply too thick.

Shortly before the Discovery Centre closed shop, we headed back down to the beach and with the last cruise boat back to harbour.

As nasty weather crept closer towards Milford Sound, we got cosy in the DOC house while patiently waiting for 354 days’ worth of GLS data to be downloaded from this season’s first loot. Pity that we had to bring two of our GPS dive loggers back. Well, there will be more females willing to cooperate when we return next week.

Up next – Jackson Head and the West Coast.

We’re back in Milford Sound to deploy four satellite trackers on tawaki that have just completed their moult. Conditions in the fjord were terrible. No rain. Balmy climate. Dolphins riding the bow wave of the Pride taking us to the Discovery Centre. Just terrible.

Together with the Andrea from Southern Discoveries, we were dropped off in Harrisons Cove just after lunch. And not long after we had hopped out of the DC tender we spotted a tawaki in the first stages of moulting stumbling out of the bush to get a drink out on the beach. The poor thing looked positively bedraggled and we waited until it had returned into the cool shade of the forest.

Most of the penguins we encountered, however, were almost through with their moult sporting beautiful blueish-black plumage just waiting for their tail feathers to grow. And some of them were wearing the small GLS loggers we attached to their legs last November.

We actually managed to get two of these GLS birds and read out the data the loggers had recorded so far. These will allow us to determine where the birds have spent the past few weeks while away from the fjord.

However, first we had to get them out of their moulting abodes which usually involves squeezing into tiny holes under rocks.

And more often than not all this effort was for nothing and we were left with staring at piles of shed feathers rather than penguins that wanted to volunteer carrying our expensive satellite trackers through their winter migration.

Eventually, four tawaki were fitted with trackers that will broadcasted the penguins’ positions in near realtime via a satellite feed over the coming months. The devices will be recovered in July or August.

After a pleasant, I mean truly awful, day in the Harrison Cove bush it we returned to the mainland in the late afternoon. Our work here is done for the next few months.

Well, well, well… not sure what’s going on with the weather, but it seems as if the West Coast has found its groove in blasting out glorious sunshine followed by a dousing of rain in the evening. We certainly don’t want to complain, but why the rain when we have to sit and wait waiting for logger birds to return?

There are four birds out there at the moment, and two of them we want to get back today. But with them being busy beavers out at sea during daylight hours, we used the time to finish up on the job of maintaining the trail cameras. Some of the cameras seem to be pointing at nothing in particular. But it’s penguin pathways they monitor. With a motion activated recording schedule these cameras will not only pick up penguins waddling up the hill, but also potential predators. Although this threat hasn’t really substantiated after the nest failures in the first week or two.

Right now, everything is looking okay at Jackson Head. Male penguins hang out with their chicks while mum returns every one or two days with food. That is what the other set of camera tell us, which monitor at nest sites directly.

We spent the afternoon going through all the cameras and downloading data or replacing batteries, before it was time again to sit down above the shore and wait for logger birds.

I think I forgot to mention yesterday that we deployed two more devices that day. So that complicates things a bit, as we don’t want to recover devices that were on birds for only a day.

As the evening progressed and one penguin after the other made it ashore, we indeed spotted one of the birds carrying a wee backpack. But, of course, it was one of yesterday’s birds which we let wander up the hill in peace.

And just to hammer the ground hog day feel home, there was yet another front coming up form the South when the sun started to set. When none of our target birds had returned, we walked out.

Tomorrow I’ll head back to Milford Sound. I will pick up a student, Jeff from the US, in Queenstown and then join Robin. Giselle had to leave for a conference. Hotte will stick it out on the West Coast until Ursula arrives who will be coming off Whenua Hou today.

Boy, our field teams surely are a shifty business this year.

If we didn’t have to fit GPS loggers to three tawaki today, I would almost say that we had one of the coolest tourist experiences in Milford Sound you can ask for.

First, another cruise of the fjord with the Southern Discoveries Lady Stirling. And I am pleased to report that our Tawaki fact sheet has become a permanent display on board of the Southern Discoveries boats.

As the DC staff close shop at 4pm, we had arranged for our team to spend the night in Harrison Cove as we’re almost certainly will not have fitted devices to three birds before that. Most penguin only start to return to their nests in the late afternoon.

So, our mode of transport to the cove today were sea kayaks which we casually paddled over to the penguin colony just before 3pm. The weather was gorgeous, the water was as crystal clear as it is advertised (just a heads up, it’s not always as clear) and the paddle pleasant. Water falls were tumbling down the sheer fjord walls in Harrison Cove and from the forests bellbird and tui calls echoed over the water. As did the commentary of one of the many cruise boats, telling its passengers that you can age tawaki by the size of their crest… and ageing method I certainly haven’t heard of before.

Over the next four hours, Robin and Giselle managed to deploy the three logger packages we had prepared for the day. I just watched and enjoyed the ride and relayed the messages of arriving penguins that Hotte spotted down on the beach.

It wasn’t 8pm yet when we had finished out work. Now we have four birds out with devices on, all in different colours so that Milford Sound’s cruise boat skippers can report sightings. The four of us hopped into our kayaks and paddled back over to the DC where we will camp out for the night.

One more thing before I sign off… being down I the underwater observatory at night can be quite spectacular. But the sheer mass of fish around the windows when we shone our torches out was mind boggling. Add in a constant swirl of salp chains that drifted through the chaos of fish bodies and you have a perfect visualization for a very productive oceanic ecosystem.

It more and more seems like a very good year for Milford Sound’s penguins.

Oh, and Hotte and I will hit the road again tomorrow. Yay.

What a change of scenery from the West Coast.

Last night Robin & Giselle indeed made it through Homer Tunnel without delay. So now I’m convinced that the road closure the night before was just put into place by a higher force to prolong Hotte and my already endless journey from the West Coast.

Anyhoo, today we hopped on the 11am Southern Discoveries Milford Sound cruise which would take us to the Discovery Centre… which started with a sumptuous buffet lunch. Luckily we had one and a half hours to digest the food while cruised the entire length of Milford Sound. Never bad to start field work with a bit of relaxed tourist activities. Although our field outfits set us apart from the rest of the passengers on board.

We arrived at the Discovery Centre – or short DC – around 1pm. Before heading over to Harrison Cove, we headed down into the observation chamber to have a look at what’s going on below Harrison Cove’s surface. And the sheer amount of fish and more specifically fish larvae was quite a sight. Whether this high abundance of potential penguin food was a weird one day congregation of fish or a good representation of fish biomass present in Milford Sound this year, I don’t know. But certainly, our first impression is that we’re in for another fantastic season for the Milford Sound tawaki

After a while, Andrea Faris, manager of the DC and the person who got us to work in Milford Sound, took us over to Harrison Cove in their new stabicraft style tender which goes by the name – tadaaa! – ‘little tawaki’.

Even though this is the third season we work with penguins of Harrison Cove, the lush forest, the over saturation of green, still don’t fail to amaze me. This is the perfect representation of a rain forest.

It also means that most tawaki nests are even more difficult to access than at the West Coast. The penguins breed in caves and rock crevices. Some of the nests are virtually inaccessible; only by shoving a 360° camera down a tiny hole we may get a chance to see those nests.

We found 19 nests on day one, which is a new record in nest numbers. Last year at the end of the field work we had found 18. Not only that, more than half of the nests still have two chicks, all of a considerable size. With tawaki considered ‘obligate brood reducers’ that lose either one of their eggs or chicks, this is quite unusual. It certainly indicates that there is a lot of food out in the fiord.

Oh, and we managed to deploy the first GPS dive logger. When I say ‘we’ I actually mean Robin and Giselle. The two will be manning the fjord for the next couple of weeks when Hotte and I head back to the West Coast the day after tomorrow.

We emerged from the bush in the late afternoon. And after it had been drizzly when we jumped into the thick greenery, the weather had now cleared and the Harrison Cove scenery had changed considerably too. We were picked up by Jake from Southern Discoveries and returned to the DC.

So, a good start for Fiordland.

What an epic journey that was. Three days ago, on Saturday, we left Neils Beach to head down to Milford Sound. The timing was perfect. After almost an entire week of fantastic spring weather, the sky over the West Coast was grey and dull – and it rained.

With the weather forecast for Milford Sound pretty crappy too for the next couple of days, the decision was made to do a little detour to Dunedin, spend a night at home and then carry on to Fiordland on Sunday.

Sunday morning, we climbed back into Eric, are good old Land Cruiser and hit the road again. Destination: Milford Sound. In the afternoon we arrived in Te Anau, picked up the leys for the DOC house in the Milford settlement and grabbed something to eat before embarking on the last leg of our journey along the Milford road.

It was windy as hell and the mountains across lake Te Anau were shrouded in thick clouds. Not far out of Te Anau the road sign informed us about the road condition to Milford Sound.

Avalanche hazard along the Milford road! Road closed until tomorrow morning!! Great!!! So back to Te Anau we went, found ourselves a cheap Motel for the night and drowned our sorrow with far too expensive beer at the local pub.

When we got up this morning, the road was still closed. But after breakfast we hit the road regardless. We ignored the still persisting message saying “Road Closed” and rolled northwards. Which was a good call because closer to the Homer tunnel another road sign now explained that the Milford Road was now open.

We made ourselves at home in the DOC house. But it was too late to go out to Harrison Cove today. So we chill and await the arrival of Robin and Giselle. Well catch up with Andrea from Southern Discoveries tonight and start field work in Milford Sound once and for all tomorrow.